EPA Phytoremediation Project Considerations

EPAs Economic Considerations

Phytoremediation projects

Phytoremediation projects



To be utilized for the Bridgeton Landfill Phytoremediation Project

Design Cost

• Site Characterization 
• Work Plan and Report
• Treatability and Pilot Testing

Installation Costs 

     Site Preparation

• Facilities Removal
• Debris Removal
• Utility Line Relocation or Removal

     Soil Preparation

• Physical Modification: Tiling
• Chelating Agents
• pH control
• Drainage

    Infrastructure

• Irrigation
• Fencing

    Planting

• Seeds, Plants
• Labor
• Protection

    Operating Costs

    Maintenance

• Irrigation Water
• Fertilizer
• pH Control
• Chelating Agent
• Drainage Water Disposal
• Pesticides
• Fencing/Pest Control
• Replanting

  Monitoring

• Soil Nutrients
• Soil pH
• Soil water
• Plant Nutrient Status
• Plant Contaminant Status-Roots, Shoots, Stems, Leaves
• Tree Sap Flow Monitoring
• Air Monitoring (leaves, branches, whole tree, area)
• Weather Monitoring

Phytoremediation Research Web Links

Phytoremediation

Definitions

• Phytoremediation - "The application of plant-controlled interactions with groundwater and organic and inorganic molecules at contaminated sites to achieve site-specific remedial goals." - Landmeyer, 2011

• Phytoremediation - "Phytoremediation is the use of green plants to remove pollutants from the environment or render them harmless ... 'Green' technology uses plants to 'vacuum' heavy metals from the soil through the roots ... While acting as vacuum cleaners, the unique plants must be able to tolerate and survive high levels of heavy metals in soils." - Becker, 2000

• Phytoremediation - "Phytoremediation uses plants to clean up pollution in the environment. Plants can help clean up many kinds of pollution including metals, pesticides, explosives, and oil. The plants also help prevent wind, rain, and groundwater from carrying pollution away from sites to other areas. Phytoremediation works best at sites with low to medium amounts of pollution. Plants remove harmful chemicals from the ground when their roots take in water and nutrients from polluted soil, streams, and groundwater ... Once inside the plant, chemicals can be stored in the roots, stems, or leaves; changed into less harmful chemicals within the plant; or changed into gases that are released into the air as the plant transpires (breathes)." - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001

• Phytoremediation - "Phytoremediation is the direct use of green plants and their associated microorganisms to stabilize or reduce contamination in soils, sludges, sediments, surface water, or ground water ... Sites with low concentrations of contaminants over large cleanup areas and at shallow depths present especially favorable conditions for phytoremediation." - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011

• Phytoremediation - "Phytoremediation is the use of vegetation for in situ treatment of contaminated soils, sediments, and water. It is best applied at sites with shallow contamination of organic, nutrient, or metal pollutants ... Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for contaminated sites that is attractive due to its low cost and versatility." - Schnoor, 1997

• Phytoremediation - "Remediation of contaminated soil in situ using vegetation ... Phytoremediation is carried out by growing plants that hyperaccumulate metals in the contaminated soil." - National Research Council, 1997

USGS Phytoremediation Information

• USGS Corecast: Phytoremediation of Contaminated Groundwater (Podcast), An interview with USGS research hydrologist Jim Landmeyer
• Can Trees Clean Up Ground Water? Phytoremediation of Trichloroethene Contaminated Ground Water at Air Force Plant 4, Fort Worth, Texas
• Phytoremediation in the Desert? Amargosa Desert Research Site, NV
• Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds in Ground Water at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington
• Assessment of the Ground-Water Flow System and Potential Remediation of the Logistics Center, Fort Lewis, Washington (see Report, Fact Sheet 082-98)
• Search the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program's Bibliography for "phytoremediation"

More Phytoremediation Information

• A Citizen's Guide to Phytoremediation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Innovation Office Technology Fact Sheet
• CluIn's Phytoremediation Technology Focus Page, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Innovation Office
• Phytoremediation Bibliography (Search or Browse) compiled by the Remediation Technologies Development Forum's (RTDF) Phytoremediation of Organics Action Team 
• Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC) Phytoremediation Reports 
• Phytoremediation Bibliography National Agricultural Library Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (most of the citations have abstracts)
• Phytoremediation: Biological remediation of environmental problems using plants, hosted by theMissouri Botanical Garden

References

Becker, H., 2000, Phytoremediation--Using plants to clean up soils: Agricultural Research v. 48, no. 6.

Landmeyer, J.E., 2011, Introduction to phytoremediation of contaminated groundwater: 431 p.

National Research Council, 1997, Innovations in ground water and soil cleanup--From concept to commercialization: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 310 p.

Schnoor, J.L., 1997, Phytoremediation: Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center Technology Evaluation Report TE-98-01.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001, A citizen's guide to phytoremediation: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technology Innovation Office.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011, Using phytoremediation to clean up sites: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, access date June 2, 2011.

Disclaimer: The definitions on this page are provided for information purposes only, and do not indicate endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.

Industrial Hemp Phytoremediation Solution Bridgeton Landfill

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J. Nayer Hardin

• Founder/Conductor at Computer Underground Railroad Ent.

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 · 9 hrs · Twitter · 

Hemp is a proven solution to our nuclear crisis. Phytoremediation,‪#‎3dprinting‬ hemp radiation reducing buildings...

Scotty on Twitter

“@cureworks https://t.co/VKvyrry8Dl Hemp for Income and Soil Remediation of Nuclear Waste in Bridgeton Missouri”

TWITTER.COM/STLHANDYMAN/ST…

1. First photo is Photo of North Quarry Enhancement Plan work - Bridgeton Landfill, Dec. 2, 2015.

Photo of North Quarry Enhancement Plan work - Bridgeton Landfill, Dec. 2, 2015

a perfect location to grow Industrial Hemp for phytoremediation..

The above photo from the Bridgeton Landfill is a perfect location to grow Industrial Hemp. Using in a technique called Phytoremediation

 to naturally by in a process

known as Phytoextraction. The nuclear

and heavy metal toxins present in the area.

These heavy metal minerals are consumed

and or redistributed to other locations in the

plant.

When Industrial Hemp is grown for phytoremediation

through phytoextraction the: leaves on the plant will

hold and store this heavy metals.  While the seeds

can be a source for the production of Biodiesel.

There are many ways of then safely and responsibly recycling the contaminated materials, that are not

harmful to the environment.

ROI Bridgeton Landfill Phytoremediation Proposal

MOhemp Energy- Hemp for Income and Phytoremediation of the Bridgeton Landfill will utilize the Industrial Hemp plants abilities to neutralize the heavy metals absorbed by the root system of the hemp plant.

In many studies done by the division of ag, biofuel industry, renewable energy industry professionals all tout Hemp and its ability to produce valuable pollution free biomass energy options.

Biomass is a broad term that includes many forms of energy.  In the the case with the Hemp Plant grown on the site of the nuclear radiation and heavy metals, many studies have been done and listed the biodiesel as an end product to the seeds is a cost effective way to offset the investment costs of hemp production.

MOhemp Proposes-not only will the seeds be used for biodiesel as an end product- the additional biomass resource from the fibers, bast, and hurd of the hemp plant can also be combined into a sustainable biomass fuel source-that burns hotter and cleaner than traditional energy sources.

The Biomass of the Industrial Hemp plant grown on the toxic soil will finance the endeavor.

•  $100,000 loan divided by $80/ton (market determined) equals=  1,250 Tons.
• 1250 Tons divided by 5 years = 250 Tons per year.
• 250 Tons divided by 9 tons per acre= 27.77 acres. 

Lets don't forget to factor in the Renewable Energy Tax Credits, Renewable Fuel Tax Credits, Government Backed RFS low interest loan options for Lenders, Alternative Farming Loan Guaranty, Department of Agriculture 9003 renewable fuel grants, Department of Energy Small.....

Phytromediation a financial vaible option to remove Heavy Metals

Exerts from a EPA Study specifically state that the

 

Hemp for Income and Soil Remediation of Nuclear Waste in Bridgeton Missouri and the Cold Water Creek area of the St. Louis Region 

is  a viable and financially proven way to remove the heavy metal toxins from the soil at Bridgeton Landfill and Coldwater creek areas of the StLouis Region.

Economic Considerations Phytoremediation EPA Study Guide

Phytoextraction Financial Costs using Phytoremediation

Phytromediation Is Financially Sound as Interim Solution

$600,000 to $100,000 cost estimate 1 acre soil compared to $400,000 excavation and storage Phytoremediation is less expensive

Phytoremediation of Plant System Example above and below ground

Description of Hemp Stalk and Root System

supplied by Canadian Hemp Industry

Hemp is an annual and a member of the Cannabaceae family which consists of two accepted genera, Cannabis (hemp) and  Humulus (hops).  Industrial hemp is a distinct crop type of the plant species Cannabis sativa L.. Industrial hemp is distinguished from narcotic hemp by having a THC (delta - 9 - Tetrahydracannabinol) level less than 0.3%.  

Other characteristics typical of hemp are 

slender stems, 

plant height ranging from four to fifteen feet and a 

stem diameter from 1/4" to 3/4". 

The innermost layer of the stem is called the pith. 

It is surrounded by a woody material known as hurd. 

Outside of this layer is the growing tissue which develops into hurd on the inside and bast fibers on the outside.

Stem Cross Section

The amount of stem branching is inversely related to plant density, ie lower plant densities promote more branching.  The leaves are of a palmate type and each leaf has seven to eleven leaflets with serrated edges. 

The root system generally consists of a dominant taproot and some lateral roots. Soil type will affect which root type will be more developed. For example, in poorer soils the lateral roots will be more developed and the taproot will be short.

Hemp Root

Industrial hemp exhibits a dual response to day length. Increasing day length during the first two to three months promotes more vigorous vegetative growth. Later in the season, the plants require shorter day length to trigger flowering and maturation.

Q Toxins Phytoremediation per Acre wtih Hemp

This document (link below) talks a lot about the Sunflowers that was mentioned by.

I'm sharing this information as it will be used as a good example of how prior testing plots are done, suggestions on best procedures, to be used as a comparison model, and mostly to use the EPAs own words: 

Phytoremediation is a suggested low financial cost and way to assist in the removal of toxins from the soil.  

While bigger undertakings are developed and financed.

• Note: Hemp was not factored into this study for comparison.
• A lot of attention was given to Sunflowers.  Sunflowers were suggested by 

I'm Seeking Information on:

The amount of Toxins hemp can absorb on a per acre basis.  

If I can't find that info that will be one of the things that we test for on this project 

Hemp for Income and Soil Remediation of Nuclear Waste in Bridgeton Missouri and the Cold Water Creek area of the St. Louis Region

.

Here is a soil survey of all the toxins and contaminants in the soil at Bridgeton Landfill

Soil Survey Findings Mineral and Toxin Report Bridgeton Landfill

In this document the EPA states:

 Phytoremediation can be utilized while the more costly solutions and bigger financial needs are allocated.

  Free Viewing and link to the original file is provided at Public Google File 

• Introduction to Phytoremediation
• National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, Ohio 45268

Use contact form or leave a comment to scotty with suggestions, advice, and or comments.

Today is the Big Day-Cleantech Open Submission

Cleantech Open-Find Fund Foster the most promising cleantech startups on the Planet

The contact with Cleantech Open has referred 

Hemp for Income and Soil Remediation of Nuclear Waste in Bridgeton Missouri and the Cold Water Creek area of the St. Louis Region to the Regional Director of the Midwest Central Region for consideration and inclusion into the next round of clean energy, environmental, and energy conservation startups.

Cleantech Open Regions of the USA

Here is a list of the nuclear toxins that are causing distress, death, and numerous health issues to the Residents of Bridgeton, Cold Water Creek, and anyone downstream in the St Louis Region.

Nuclear Waste Toxin Exposure List of Bridgeton and Cold Water Creek Residents

MOhemp Energy Scientific Crowdfunding Update-IdeaScale-Cleantech Open

While promoting the Idea Scale submission of Hemp for Soil Remediation of Nuclear Waste + sustainable insulation I was contacted via a Google Plus post and it was suggested that I should also submit the information to the CleanTech Open that boasts -who finds, funds, the most innovative cleantech startups on the Planet.

If you are interested in learning more about the people and organization who are directly involved in bringing new technologies on the market that will assist in helping the planet and people as a whole in the fight against climate change.

Ideascale is a type of crowd source funding avenue for research activities that relate to energy.   IdeaScale is an innovation management platform that uses crowdsourcing to help you find and develop the next big thing. IdeaScale is operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory which is the largest US Department of Energy science and energy laboratory, conducting basic and applied research to deliver transformative solutions to compelling problems in energy and security.  We are in the business of engineering new solutions using the best scientific tools and research available, but we are always looking for new ideas. That's what science.ideascale.com is all about Because the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is directly involved in the Nuclear business the Idea Scale Idea Number 159 is a perfect fit to not only bring greater awareness to all the health issues that have plagued the Bridgeton and Cold Water Creek residents who have been exposed to all the Nuclear Radiation deposited in a Landfill but to also provide a Natural and Inexpensive Solution to help the people in the St Louis Region. cesium hemp   soil   remediation   hempcrete   bridgetonlandfill   natural   mushrooms nuclearwaste   nuclearradiation   health   birthdefects   epa   oakridgelaboratory   usarmy stlouis   coldwatercreek   cancer   chernobyl   cesium

About the Cleantech Open The Cleantech Open is a not-for-profit organization that runs the world’s largest accelerator for cleantech startups. Our mission is to find, fund and foster entrepreneurs with big ideas that address today’s most urgent energy, environmental and economic challenges. Since our founding in 2005 by leaders in Silicon Valley and Boston, our organization has established itself as the leading force for accelerating clean technology entrepreneurs. Of the over 1,000 companies we have worked with in the United States alone, nearly half have gone on to raise external capital now totaling over ONE Billion dollars! A network of more than 2,000 volunteers powers this process: remarkable professionals who lend their time and expertise to entrepreneurs, facilitating the growth of the cleantech industry and the positive impact that will come from such technologies. With eight active regions across US our ultimate goal is to have these connections be truly global where a startup based in Minneapolis can receive mentoring from an expert in Denver – or Paris, license its technology to a strategic partner in Texas – or Delhi, and receive capital from Boston, Sand Hill Road, or a corporate investor anywhere in the world. The Cleantech Open provides the platform for that kind of interaction and visibility. PROGRAMS Accelerator and Business Competition Global Ideas Competition Global Cleantech Innovation Program (GCIP) EVENTS Global Forum and Expo National Academies – East and West Coasts National Conference and Expo Dozens of regional business events, clinics and workshops NETWORK More than 1,500 professional volunteers 600 Alumni companies Sponsors, Venture Capitalists, Mentors and dedicated experts in business and cleantech REGIONS Eight Regions across the US 39 countries participating in the Global Ideas Competition PARTNERS We team up with dozens of organizations – from labs and universities to businesses and media outlets – to gather the best, brightest and most committed leaders in cleantech.