Feral Hemp in Southern Illinois

Notre Dame University publication, The Midlands Naturalist, from a 1975 article called, " Feral Hemp in Southern Illinois,
" about the wild hemp fields that annual efforts from law enforcement eradication teams cannot wipe out, an acre of hemp produces:

1. 8,000 pounds of hemp seed per acre.
When cold-pressed, the 8,000 pounds of hemp seed yield over 300 gallons of hemp seed oil and a byproduct of
6,000 pounds of high protein hemp flour.

These seed oils are both a food and a biodiesel fuel. Currently, the most productive seed oil crops are soybeans, sunflower seeds and rape seed or canola. Each of these three seed oil crops produce between 100 to 120 gallons of oil per acre. Hemp seed produces three times more oil per acre than the next most productive seed oil crops, or over 300 gallons per acre, with a byproduct of 3 tons of food per acre. Hemp seed oil is also far more nutritious and beneficial for our health than any other seed oil crop.

In addition to the food and oil produced, there are several other byproducts and benefits to the cultivation of hemp.

2. Six to ten tons per acre of hemp bast fiber. Bast fiber makes canvas, rope, lace, linen, and ultra-thin specialty papers like cigarette and bible papers.

3. Twenty-five tons of hemp hurd fiber. Hemp hurd fiber makes all grades of paper, composite building materials, animal bedding and a material for the absorption of liquids and oils.

4. The deep tap root draws up sub-soil nutrients and then, when the leaves fall from the plant to the ground, they return these nutrients to the top soil for the next crop rotation.

5. The residual flowers, after the seeds are extracted, produce valuable medicines.

ReferencesEdit

"Industrial Hemp". Agriculture and Agrifood Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
"Erowid Cannabis Vault : Culture #2". www.erowid.org. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
"Michael Karus: European Hemp Industry 2002 Cultivation, Processing and Product Lines. Journal of Industrial Hemp Volume 9 Issue 2 2004, Taylor & Francis, London". Informaworld.com. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
Could hemp ...topple graphene for making the ideal supercapacitor?
"America's First Hemp Drink - Chronic Ice - Making a Splash in the Natural Beverage Market". San Francisco Chronicle (Los Angeles). Vocus. 8 June 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-12-27. Retrieved 19 June 2011. Chronic Ice, the nation's first drink containing hemp, is making a splash in the healthy beverage market.
"USDA ERS - Industrial Hemp in the United States: Status and Market Potential". Ers.usda.gov. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
"Special Report". CNBC.
Lan, Melody (2009-01-17). "Edible, Affordable Indulgences for 2009". The Wall Street Journal.
"Nutrition Facts for Hemp Seeds (shelled) per 100 g serving". Conde Nast, Custom Analysis. 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
Callaway, J. C. (2004-01-01). "Hempseed as a nutritional resource: An overview". Euphytica (Kluwer Academic Publishers) 140 (1–2): 65–72. doi:10.1007/s10681-004-4811-6. Retrieved 2013-03-13.
House JD, Neufeld J, Leson G; Neufeld; Leson (November 2010). "Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58 (22): 11801–7. doi:10.1021/jf102636b. PMID 20977230.
"CRRH, Archaeologists agree that cannabis was among the first crops cultivated by human beings at least over 6,000 years ago, and perhaps more than 12,000 years ago". Crrh.org. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Green bedrooms and more: Healthy fabrics for the home". The Ottawa Citizen. 2008-04-10.
Cronin, Mary Elizabeth (1995-02-11). "Hemp fashions are clean, comfy, and legal". The Free Lance-Star.
NNFCC. "NNFCC Project Factsheet: Guide to Building with Hemp-Lime Composites, NNFCC 07-001", "National Non-Food Crops Centre", Retrieved on 16 Feb 2011
Isabelle, Ceyte (2008). Etat,acteurs privés et innovation dans le domaine des matériaux de construction écologiques : Le développement du béton de chanvre depuis 1986 (MASTER - Politiques publiques et gouvernements comparés thesis) (in French). 'Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Lyon.
"The Haverhill Hemp Houses". bre.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-02-08.
"Modece Architects". modece.com. Retrieved 2013-02-08.
"The NNFCC Renewable House". Renewable-house.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Hemp homes are cutting edge of green building". USA Today. 2010-09-12.
"HEMPSEC project website". European Union research. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
Allin, Steve. Building with Hemp, Seed Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-9551109-1-7. (p. 95, 2nd Edition).
"Thermoformable Composite Panels". Composites World. 2006.
"Plastics". hemp.com. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
"Lotus announces hemp-based Eco Elise: a new type of 'green' car". transport20.com. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
"Green Cars, Fuel Efficiency and the Environment | Mercedes-Benz". Mbusa.com. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
"Cai Lun Improved the Papermaking Technology". chinaculture.org.
A brief history of the St. Petersburg Paper Mill of Goznak (www.goznak.spb.ru)[dead link]
Dewey and Merrill, U.S.D.A. Bulletin No. 404, Hemp Hurds as Paper-Making Material, Washington, D.C., October 14, 1916. Page 25
"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Hemp Hurds as Paper-Making Material, by Lyster H. Dewey and Jason L. Merrill". Gutenberg.org. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Hayo M.G. van der Werf : Hemp facts and hemp fiction". Hempfood.com. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Papper". Hampa.net. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
"David P. West: Fiber Wars: The Extinction of Kentucky Hemp". Gametec.com. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Additional Statement of H.J. Anslinger, Commissioner of Narcotics". Retrieved 2006-03-25.
"Michael Karus:European hemp industry 2001 till 2004: Cultivation, raw materials, products and trends, 2005" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Steam energy:Hemp Pulp & Paper Production, January 1st 1994". Hempline.com. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
Van Roekel, Gerjan J. (1994). "Hemp Pulp and Paper Production". Journal of the International Hemp Association (Wageningen, The Netherlands).
"Anatomy of a Modern Paper Mill, Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University". Borealforest.org. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
"Boise: Nonwood Alternatives to Wood Fiber in Paper". Web.archive.org. 2007-07-08. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
Ivan Bócsa, Michael Karus, Daike Lohmeyer: The cultivation of hemp. Botany, varieties, cultivation and harvesting, markets and product lines. 2 support, agricultural Verlag GmbH, Münster 2000th
Michael Carus et al.. Study of market and competition for natural fibers and natural fiber materials (Germany and EU) trade talks Gülzower 26, ed. of the Agency of Renewable Resources, Gülzow 2008 Download nova-Institut (ed.): The small hemp-Lexikon Verlag The Workshop, Göttingen, 2. Edition, 2003, page 79 ISBN 3-89533-271-2
Schubert, Pit. "Our ropes are much stronger than we believe". Union Internationale Des Associations D'Alpinisme. Archived from the original on September 27, 2009.
NNFCC. In the US, pet manufacturers use hemp in dog and cat bedding. "Crop Factsheet: Hemp", National Non-Food Crops Centre, 2008-06-09. Retrieved on 2009-05-06
"Phytoremediation: Using Plants to Clean Soil". Mhhe.com. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Hemp As Weed Control". www.gametec.com. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
"COOLFUEL Episode: Sugarcane and Hempoline". Retrieved 2009-10-16.
"Clean Energy Solutions". Hemp 4 Fuel. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Pollution: Petrol vs. Hemp". Hempcar.org. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Biofuels Facts". Hempcar.org. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
Increased biogas production at the Henriksdals Waste Water plant, Cajsa Hellstedt et. all, June 2010
Hemp Cultivation (www.green.net.au)[dead link]
This paper begins with a history of hemp use and then describes how hemp was constructed as a dangerous crop in the U.S. The paper then discusses the potential of hemp as an alternative crop. Luginbuhl, April M. (2001). "Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L): The geography of a controversial plant". The California Geographer (PDF) 41. California Geographical Society. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 2013-03-28. Hemp contains less than 1% THC, or tetrahydrocannabinols, the psychoactive property in marijuana. In other words, smoking hemp cannot create a 'high.' ... The dense growth of hemp eliminates other weeds.... The best growing technique for hemp, planting 300 to 500 plants per square meter, also helps authorities easily tell the hemp from marijuana, which is a plant that is less densely cultivated. (Roulac 1997; 149).
Deitch, Robert (2003). Hemp: American History Revisited: The Plant with a Divided History. Algora Publishing. pp. 4–26. ISBN 9780875862262. Retrieved 2013-11-16. Cannabis is ... a plant that played an important role in colonial America's prosperous economy and remained a valuable commercial commodity up until the Second World War.
http://archive.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/growing/crops/industrial/pdf/flaxhemp-report.pdf
"Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung: ''FÜR DIREKTZAHLUNGEN IN BETRACHT KOMMENDE HANFSORTEN''" (in German). Retrieved 2015-03-06.
Frank Waskow (1995), Katalyse-Institut für Angewandte Umweltforschung, ed. (in German), Hanf & Co.: die Renaissance der heimischen Faserpflanzen, Göttingen: Verlag Die Werkstatt, pp. 45, ISBN 3-89533-138-4
Datwyler SL, Weiblen GD. Genetic Variation in Hemp and marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) sativa plants are taller and less dense. Indica plants are shorter but a lot more dense than sativas. According to Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2006; 51(2):371-375. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00061.x
Hemp and Marijuana: Myths & Realities written by David P. West, Ph.D. for the North American Industrial Hemp Council
"Industrial hemp's double dividend: a study for the USA". Sciencedirect.com. 1998-06-30. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
"Industrial hemp or eucalyptus paper? - Springer". Link.springer.com. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
"FAQs & Facts: Facts". Resources: Education. The HIA. Retrieved 2008-07-05.
"HIA: Resources: Education: FAQs & Facts: FAQs: Answers". www.thehia.org. Retrieved 2008-07-05.
"D. Risula, and others, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, October 2009". Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Hemp vs. Marijuana". azhemp.org. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
"Hemp Facts". www.thehia.org. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
"Agriculture in the European Union, Statistical and Economic Information 2011, European Union Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development, page 283" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-11-09.
"Growing Industrial Hemp in Ontario, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Canada, 2008". ON, CA: Omafra. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
Graeme Thomas. "Natural Fibers: Hemp Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009". Naturalfibres2009.org. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances (Industrial Hemp) Regulations 2008" (PDF). www.dms.dpc.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
"Guidelines for engaging in the commercial production of industrial hemp in Queensland". dpi.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 2008-11-24.[dead link]
"Drugs Misuse Act 1986" (PDF). www.legislation.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
"Opportunities to engage in commercial low THC hemp fibre and seed production in NSW". www.dpi.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
"Hemp Industry Regulation 2008". legislation.nsw.gov.a. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
"Government of Alberta: Industrial Hemp Production in Canada, February 2, 2010". .agric.gov.ab.ca. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Where the heck is hemp?, The Alberta Express, April 18th, 2007". www.hempline.com.
"Manitoba Harvest 2007 Peoples Choice, Eco Libris, Oct 8th, 2007". http://ecolibris.blogspot.ca/.
"Canada's legal hemp industry growin, CBC News, November 5, 2012". .cbc.ca. Retrieved 2012-11-05.
Jordbruksverket: 2.1–2.3, 2.5 Marknadssituationen för spannmål, oljeväxter, proteingrödor, ris,2011-03-10,(Swedish Board of Agriculture, Report from an expert group in the European Union about the market situation for a number of agricultural products. Published only in Swedish)[dead link]
"Hemp research and growing in Ukraine". Aginukraine.com. 2002-01-06. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
Hemp will help Ukraine to grow wealthy (Russian)
Interview with Dr. V. G. Virovets, the head of the Hemp Breeding Department at the Institute of Bast Crops (1998) (English)
"(Website/ Products)". Retrieved Sep 28, 2011.
"Hemp, hemp, hooray: Bill aims to aid farmers with new but controversial crop". Minnesotaindependent.com. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
Colorado Amendment 64
http://www.hemp.org/news/category/cannabis/north-dakota
"North Dakota Case". Votehemp.com. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"75th Oregon Legislative Assembly — 2009 Regular Session Senate Bill 676". Leg.state.or.us. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
"Farm bill promotes hemp as legal crop". Leg.state.or.us. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
Stafford, Peter (1992). Psychedelics Encyclopedia. Berkeley, CA, USA: Ronin Publishing. ISBN 0-914171-51-8.
"Information paper on industrial hemp (industrial cannabis)". www2.dpi.qld.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2008-07-05.
"Hemp Facts". Naihc.org. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
"The cultivation and use of hemp in ancient China". Hempfood.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
Barber, E. J. W. (1992). Prehistoric Textiles: The Development of Cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with Special Reference to the Aegean. Princeton University Press. p. 17.
Herodotus. Histories IV. 73–75.
Barber, E. J. W. (1992). Prehistoric Textiles: The Development of Cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with Special Reference to the Aegean. Princeton University Press. p. 18.
Barber (1992). p. 19.
Regional Cuisines of Medieval Europe: A Book of Essays (2002), edited by Melitta Weiss Adamson ISBN 0-415-92994-6 pg. 98, 166
"Feasibility of Industrial Hemp Production in the United States Pacific Northwest, SB681". extension.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
Gabriel Archer, A Relatyon of the Discoverie of Our River..., printed in Archaeologia Americana 1860, p. 44. William Strachey (1612) records a native (Powhatan) name for hemp (weihkippeis).
Proceedings of the Virginia Assembly, 1619, cf. the 1633 Act: Hening's Statutes at Large, p. 218
Diary of George Washington, entry 7 August 1765. url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/01-01-02-0011-0006-0004, accessdate=2014-06-03
Diary of George Washington, entry 22 August 1765. url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/01-01-02-0011-0006-0010, accessdate=2014-06-03
Diary of George Washington, entry September 1765. url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/01-01-02-0011-0007, accessdate=2014-06-03
Bear, James A. Jr., and Lucia C. Stanton, eds. Jefferson's Memorandum Books: Accounts, with Legal Records and Miscellany, 1767-1826. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997, 1:383.
Robinson, Rowan. The Great Book of Hemp: The Complete Guide to the Environmental, Commercial, and Medicinal Uses of the World's Most Extraordinary Plant. Rochester, VT. Park Street Press, 2010. Chapter 5:129-135. Print
James F. Hopkins, "Slavery in the Hemp Industry", Drug Library
French, Laurence; Manzanárez, Magdaleno (2004). NAFTA & neocolonialism: comparative criminal, human & social justice. University Press of America. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-7618-2890-7.
Earlywine, 2005: p. 24
Peet, 2004: p. 55
Sterling Evans (2007). Bound in twine: the history and ecology of the henequen-wheat complex for Mexico and the American and Canadian Plains, 1880–1950. Texas A&M University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-58544-596-7.
Dewey LH (1943). "Fiber production in the western hemisphere". United States Printing Office, Washington. p. 67. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
Evans, Sterling, ed. (2006). The borderlands of the American and Canadian Wests: essays on regional history of the forty-ninth parallel. University of Nebraska Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-8032-1826-0.
Gerber, Rudolph Joseph (2004). Legalizing marijuana: drug policy reform and prohibition politics. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-275-97448-0.
Earleywine, Mitchell (2005). Understanding marijuana: a new look at the scientific evidence. Oxford University Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-19-518295-8.
Robinson, Matthew B & Scherlen, Renee G (2007). Lies, damned lies, and drug war statistics: a critical analysis of claims made by the office of National Drug Control Policy. SUNY Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7914-6975-0.
Rowe, Thomas C (2006). Federal narcotics laws and the war on drugs: money down a rat hole. Psychology Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-7890-2808-2.
Sullivan, Larry E et al, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement: Federal. SAGE. p. 747. ISBN 978-0-7619-2649-8.
Lusane, Clarence (1991). Pipe dream blues: racism and the war on drugs. South End Press. pp. 37–8. ISBN 978-0-89608-410-0.
Prof. L. Trossarelli: -the history of nylon, Prof. L. Trossarelli
Audra J. Wolfe: Nylon: A revolution in textiles, page 1-4, Chemical Heritage Foundation
American Chemical Society: THE FIRST NYLON PLANT. 1995
Who invented the toothbrush and when was it invented?
Armagnac (1943). "Plant Wizards Fight Wartime Drug Peril" (September). pp. 62–63. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
New Fossil Evidence for the Past Cultivation and Processing of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in Eastern England Author(s): R. H. W. Bradshaw, P. Coxon, J. R. A. Greig, A. R. Hall Source: New Phytologist, Vol. 89, No. 3 (Nov., 1981), pp. 503-510 Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the New Phytologist Trust Accessed: 06/07/2009
"Dr. Ivan BÛcsa, GATE Agricultural Research Institute, Kompolt - Hungary, Book Review Re-discovery of the Crop Plant Cannabis Marihuana Hemp (Die Wiederentdeckung der Nutzplanze Cannabis Marihuana Hanf)". Hempfood.com. Retrieved 2011-04-20.